- Pattern resolution (nano-scale);
- Processing speed, scaling up, throughput and system cost;
- Durability of laser-generated textures;
- Hybrid structures – multiple structures, multiple functionality, multiple materials and metamaterials;
- Nanostructures’ design-ability and software tools;
- Realization of user-defined nanostructures;
- Physics behind the dynamic phenomena in ultrafast laser processing;
- Nano-scale optical materials’ properties;
- Relationship between the patterns and functionality;
- Designing functional surfaces realized by micro/nano-structures in both small and large scales.